Comportamiento clínico y factores asociados a mortalidad temprana en una cohorte de pacientes chilenos con vasculitis asociadas a anticuerpos anti citoplasma de neutrófilos (VAA) / Variables associated with mortality in 103 patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies associated vasculitis

Background: Cumulative survival in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis (VAA) is 88 and 78% at 1 and 5 years, respectively. Despite this, mortality continues to be 2.7 times higher than the general population. Differences in the clinical profile of VAA in different ethnicities have been observed. Aim: To identify factors at the time of diagnosis, associated with mortality at one year of follow-up and to describe the clinical characteristics of these patients. Material and Methods: We identified in local databases and reviewed clinical records of patients with VAA with at least one year of follow up in a clinical hospital. Demographic and laboratory parameters and clinical activity scores were analyzed. Results: Of 103 patients with VAA identified, 65 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Their age ranged from 45 to 63 years and 56% were women. Thirty-five patients (54%) were diagnosed as granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) and 30 patients (46%) with Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA). The frequency of renal disease was 53% and pulmonary involvement occurred in 72%. At one year of follow-up 11 patients died resulting in a mortality of 17%. Seven patients died within three months after diagnosis. MPO ANCA were more common than PR3 ANCA. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of ophthalmological involvement, lung kidney syndrome and a Five Factor Score (FFS) of 1 or more were independent factors associated with mortality at one year. Conclusions: In these patients, pulmonary manifestations predominate. Lung kidney syndrome, ophthalmological involvement and a FFS score ≥ 1 were associated with mortality.

[Variables associated with mortality in 103 patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies associated vasculitis]. / Comportamiento clínico y factores asociados a mortalidad temprana en una cohorte de pacientes chilenos con vasculitis asociadas a anticuerpos anti citoplasma de neutrófilos (VAA).

BACKGROUND: Cumulative survival in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis (VAA) is 88 and 78% at 1 and 5 years, respectively. Despite this, mortality continues to be 2.7 times higher than the general population. Differences in the clinical profile of VAA in different ethnicities have been observed. AIM: To identify factors at the time of diagnosis, associated with mortality at one year of follow-up and to describe the clinical characteristics of these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We identified in local databases and reviewed clinical records of patients with VAA with at least one year of follow up in a clinical hospital. Demographic and laboratory parameters and clinical activity scores were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 103 patients with VAA identified, 65 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Their age ranged from 45 to 63 years and 56% were women. Thirty-five patients (54%) were diagnosed as granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) and 30 patients (46%) with Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA). The frequency of renal disease was 53% and pulmonary involvement occurred in 72%. At one year of follow-up 11 patients died resulting in a mortality of 17%. Seven patients died within three months after diagnosis. MPO ANCA were more common than PR3 ANCA. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of ophthalmological involvement, lung kidney syndrome and a Five Factor Score (FFS) of 1 or more were independent factors associated with mortality at one year. CONCLUSIONS: In these patients, pulmonary manifestations predominate. Lung kidney syndrome, ophthalmological involvement and a FFS score ≥ 1 were associated with mortality.

Comprehensive technology-assisted training and supervision program to enhance depression management in primary care in Santiago, Chile: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Depression is a common and disabling condition. Since 2001, Chile has had a national program for depression in primary care and universal access to treatment for depressed people over the age of 15. There are National Guidelines to treat depression but no training program exists. The aim of the present study protocol is to measure the effectiveness of a comprehensive technology-assisted training and supervision program to enhance depression management in primary care. METHODS AND DESIGN: This is a two-arm, single-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy of the program versus usual care to treat depression in primary care clinics. In total, 434 depressed persons 18 to 65 years of age, recruited from four primary care clinics located in Santiago, will participate in the study. DISCUSSION: In order to ensure the quality of interventions supported by the national program for depression in Chile, it is desirable to have training programs of proven effectiveness. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02232854, registered on 2 September 2014.

Experiencia de un sistema de reporte de errores de medicación en un hospital docente / Adverse drug event reporting system: a university hospital experience

Introducción: Los errores de medicación (EM) tienen un impacto en la morbi-mortalidad de los pacientes, como así también consecuencias económicas para el individuo, los sistemas de salud y la sociedad. Una forma de identificarlos es a través del sistema de reportes. Objetivo: Presentar la experiencia de uso de reportes en un hospital docente universitario. Metodología: Análisis descriptivo de reportes de EM. Se utilizaron como fuentes de información el sistema de censo y los reportes de los errores en la medicación. Resultados: La tasa de reportes de EM fue de 1.2 x 1000 pacientes. Los reportes principalmente provinieron de servicios de tipo médicos (39%) y de Unidades de Pacientes Críticos-Aislamiento (34%). Los EM más frecuentes estuvieron en la administración (47%) y dispensación (27%). El 69% los errores notificados llegaron al paciente, necesitándose algún tipo de intervención en el 68% de esos casos. La gravedad de los EM fue importante en el 47% de los casos, pudiéndose prevenir en el 97%. Conclusiones: Los EM son una realidad presente en los centros asistenciales, que se puede prevenir. El sistema de reportes de EM es una herramienta útil en la identificación de sus causas (AU)

Introduction: The medication error (ME) has an impact in the morbi-mortality of the patients, as this way also the economic consequences for the individual, the systems of health and the society. A way of identifying them is across the system of reports. The aim of this communication is to present the experience of use of reports in an teaching hospital. Methodology: Descriptive Analysis of ME reports. There were in use as sources of information the system of census and the reports of the ME. Results: The rate of ME’s reports was of 1.2x 1000 patients. The reports principally came from medical services (39 %) and 34% from Intensive Care Units 34 %. More frequent MM was in the administration (47 %) and dispensation (27 %). The notified ME 69 % came to the patient, some type of intervention being needed in 68 % of these cases. The gravity of ME was important in 47 % of the cases, being able to preventable 97 %. Conclusions: ME is a present reality in our hospital, which it is possible to anticipate. The system of ME reports is a useful tool in the identification that causes root (AU)

Neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica (NAVM): factores de riesgo relacionados con la presencia de gérmenes multirresistentes(AU) / Ventilator-associated pneumonia: risk factors associated with the presence of multiresistant organism

La Neumonía Asociada a la Ventilación Mecánica (NAVM) afecta entre 10 por ciento y 65 por ciento de los pacientes, con una mortalidad atribuible que fluctúa entre 24 por ciento y 76 por ciento. Numerosas directrices recomiendan dividir la NAVM en precoz si ocurre dentro de las primeras 96 horas de ingreso a UCI o tardía si es posterior, ya que las tardías suelen ser ocasionadas por patógenos multirresistentes (PMR). Objetivo: Determinar si hay asociación entre la presencia de PMR con la NAVM tardía, uso previo de antibióticos, comorbilidady gravedad al ingreso a la UCI. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo de 12 meses. El diagnóstico de NAVM fue clínico asociado a cultivo cuantitativo en contaje significativo (106 UFC/ml para cultivo cuantitativo de aspirado endotraqueal, 104 UFC/ml para lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) vía broncoscópica). Resultados: Se enrolaron 48 pacientes con NAVM consecutivos, 19 mujeres, la edad promedio fue de 59+/-18,5 años. Los principales gérmenes involucrados fueron St Aureus meticilino resistente (54 por ciento), Acinetobacter sp (33 por ciento) y Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19 por ciento). El aislamiento de PMR no se asoció significativamente a la NAVM tardía (p >0,05), por el contrario el uso previo de antibióticos se relacionó más estrechamente con la presencia de PMR (p <0,0001). Al analizar variables clínicas sólo la escala de Glasgow más baja al ingreso a la UCI se asoció significativamente con la presencia de PMR (10,7+/-3,3 vs14,5+/-0,5, p <0,05). Conclusión: El uso previo de antibióticos se asocia significativamente a la neumonía por PMR independiente del momento en que se diagnostica la NAVM.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a mechanical ventilation complication that affects about 10 percent to 65 percent of mechanical ventilated patients. The attributable mortality ranged between 24 percent to 76 percent. Most of the guidelines have recommended to classify VAP in early onset if diagnosis is made in the first 96 hours from ICU admission or late onset if the diagnosis is later. Early onset VAP is reported to be due to antibiotic-sensitive pathogens, while late-onset VAP is frequently attributed to antibiotic-resistant pathogens (ARP). The Aim of the study was to correlate the isolate of ARP with late-onset VAP, prior antimicrobial treatment, comorbidity and severity of illnesses. Methods: 12 months prospective study. VAP was define according a presumptive clinical diagnosis plus an isolation of a pathogen in a significant concentration (>106 CFU/ml for quantitative cultures of endotracheal aspirates, >104 CFU/ml for bronchoalveolar lavage from fiberoptic bronchoscopic). Results:We included 48 patients with VAP, 19 women, the average age was 59 +/- 18,5 years. 75 percent (36/48) were late-onset VAP. The organism most frequently isolated was methicillin resistant S. aureus (54 percent), Acinetobacter sp (33 percent), and Pseudomona aeruginosa (19 percent). ARP was not associated with late-onset VAP (p >0,05), by contrast prior antimicrobial treatment was closely associated to isolation of ARP (p<0,001). When analyzed clinical variables only lower Glasgow coma scale at ICU admission was associated with ARP-VAP (10,7+/-3,3 vs 14,5+/-0,5 p <0,05). Conclusion: Prior antimicrobial treatment was closely associated with ARP-VAP regardless of the timing of VAP Diagnosis.